The novel tells the story of Saleem Sinai, who was born at the exact moment when India gained its independence. As a result, he shares a mystical connection with other children born at the same time, all of whom possess unique, magical abilities. As Saleem grows up, his life mirrors the political and cultural changes happening in his country, from the partition of India and Pakistan, to the Bangladesh War of Independence. The story is a blend of historical fiction and magical realism, exploring themes of identity, fate, and the power of storytelling.

The book is a satirical novel that offers a critical examination of the Chinese scholarly class and the civil service examination system of Imperial China. Through a series of interlinked stories, it follows the lives, careers, and misadventures of a diverse group of scholars, exposing the corruption, pettiness, and hypocrisy that pervade the academic and bureaucratic worlds. The narrative delves into the scholars' pursuit of literary glory and official rank, often at the expense of genuine morality and wisdom, providing a humorous yet poignant commentary on the social and educational values of the time.

"Sultana's Dream" is a pioneering feminist utopian story that imagines a world where women, having mastered science and technology, have reversed traditional gender roles to create a peaceful society called Ladyland. In this visionary tale, men are secluded in domestic spaces, while women run the government, excel in scientific innovation, and use solar power and other advanced technologies to maintain an environmentally sustainable and conflict-free environment. The narrative unfolds through the eyes of the protagonist, Sultana, who finds herself transported to this alternate reality in a dream, where she engages in conversations with Ladyland's inhabitants, exploring the social structures and scientific advancements that have enabled women to thrive and lead.