The book in question is a scholarly examination of the concept of 'hydraulic civilization,' a term used to describe societies that manage large-scale water projects such as irrigation and flood control. The author argues that the bureaucratic structures necessary to control water resources in arid regions historically led to the centralization of power and the development of autocratic or despotic forms of government. Through comparative analysis, the work explores how the management of water resources influenced social, economic, and political structures, and how this 'total power' shaped the civilizations in question, with a particular focus on Asia. The study delves into the relationship between natural environments, technological capabilities, and the evolution of political systems.

"The Good Person of Szechwan" is a parable play that explores the difficulty of maintaining one's morals and goodness in a corrupt and exploitative world. The story revolves around a kind-hearted prostitute who struggles to be a good person under the harsh realities of life in Szechwan. When three gods visit the city in search of a good person, they find only her willing to help them. However, to survive, she must adopt a ruthless alter ego, leading to a complex exploration of morality, identity, and societal pressures.

"The Plum in the Golden Vase" is a classic Chinese novel set during the Song Dynasty. It follows the life of Ximen Qing, a corrupt social climber and lustful merchant, who is involved with six different women. The narrative explores themes of sexuality, corruption, and societal decay, providing a detailed and critical examination of the culture and society of the time. The novel is also known for its explicit eroticism and is considered one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature.

"Oriental Despotism" presents a theory that ancient bureaucratic societies, particularly those in Asia, developed as a result of the need to manage large-scale irrigation systems. The author argues that the control of water resources in arid regions led to the creation of centralized, autocratic power structures, which he terms "hydraulic despotisms." These governments wielded significant control over their subjects, as the management and distribution of water was crucial for agriculture and survival. The book explores how this form of governance influenced the political and social structures of various Eastern civilizations, contrasting them with Western societies that developed under different ecological conditions.

"Swallowing Clouds" is a unique fusion of culinary guide and linguistic journey that explores the poetic and flavorful world of Chinese cuisine. The book delves into the etymology and symbolism of Chinese characters used in food and menus, offering readers not only a deeper understanding of Chinese culture and language but also practical knowledge for ordering and appreciating Chinese food. Through an engaging exploration of restaurant menus and dishes, the author provides insights into the history, culture, and intricate flavors that define Chinese gastronomy, making it an enlightening read for food enthusiasts and language lovers alike.