The play is a passionate tragedy that unfolds in a repressive, rural Spanish household ruled by the titular matriarch. Following her husband's death, Bernarda Alba imposes an eight-year mourning period upon her five daughters, demanding they live a life of strict confinement and denying them personal freedom and love. The daughters' yearning for love and individuality becomes a silent rebellion against their mother's tyranny, leading to an atmosphere charged with tension, envy, and desperation. This ultimately culminates in a tragic climax, revealing the destructive nature of Bernarda's oppressive control over her daughters' lives.

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