The Greatest Non-Western "Science fiction, Speculative Fiction" Books of All Time

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This list showcases a comprehensive and trusted collection of the greatest books from Non-Western literature. Curated through a specialized algorithm, it amalgamates 305 'best of' book lists to present a definitive guide to essential literary works from Asia, Africa, the Middle East, Latin America, and beyond. This selection celebrates the diverse and vibrant literary traditions of the world, offering readers a window into a myriad of fascinating narratives and perspectives. For more information on how these books are selected, please visit the rankings page.

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Science fiction

Science fiction is a genre of literature that explores the potential consequences of scientific and other innovations on society and individuals. It often features futuristic or imaginary settings, advanced technologies, and scientific concepts that are not yet fully understood or realized. Science fiction can encompass a wide range of themes, including space exploration, time travel, artificial intelligence, and alternate realities. It is a genre that allows authors to speculate on the future of humanity and the impact of scientific progress on our lives.

Speculative Fiction

Speculative fiction is an umbrella genre encompassing narrative fiction with supernatural or futuristic elements. This includes genres such as science fiction, fantasy, horror, supernatural fiction, superhero fiction, utopian and dystopian fiction, apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction, and alternate history. The unifying factor of speculative fiction is its departure from the narrative constraints of reality, exploring imaginative and often profound questions that challenge our understanding of the world and our place within it. These stories often delve into themes like the human condition, social commentary, and the exploration of philosophical and ethical dilemmas through the lens of the fantastical or the yet-to-be-possible. By pushing the boundaries of the known, speculative fiction invites readers to consider the myriad possibilities of existence and the potential consequences of our actions in worlds that are, at once, vastly different from and eerily similar to our own.

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  1. 1. Never Let Me Go by Kazuo Ishiguro

    The novel is a haunting tale of three friends, who grow up together at a seemingly idyllic English boarding school. As they mature, they discover a dark secret about their school and the purpose of their existence, which is to become organ donors for the rest of society. The story is a profound exploration of what it means to be human, the morality of scientific innovation, and the heartbreaking reality of love and loss.

    The 387th Greatest Book of All Time
  2. 2. Solaris by Stanislaw Lem

    The novel is a psychological exploration of human limitations and failures set against the backdrop of space exploration. When a psychologist arrives at a research station orbiting a distant planet covered entirely by a sentient ocean, he discovers the crew in disarray, haunted by physical manifestations of their subconscious fears and desires. As he grapples with the ocean's inscrutable nature and its unsettling ability to materialize human thoughts, he is forced to confront his own guilt and regret, embodied by the apparition of his deceased wife. The story is a philosophical meditation on the impossibility of truly understanding alien intelligence and the painful isolation of the human condition.

    The 435th Greatest Book of All Time
  3. 3. The Three-Body Problem by Cixin Liu

    The book is a science fiction novel that intertwines the cultural revolution of China with a complex narrative involving astrophysics, virtual reality, and alien contact. It follows a disillusioned scientist who, after suffering personal tragedy during the Cultural Revolution, sends a message into space, only to receive a response from an alien civilization on the brink of destruction. As the aliens plan their migration to Earth, a secret organization works to facilitate the invasion, while a disparate group of scientists and military personnel attempt to understand and prevent the impending extraterrestrial crisis. The novel grapples with themes of human nature, technological advancement, and the vast, often incomprehensible universe.

    The 1983rd Greatest Book of All Time
  4. 4. The Futurological Congress by Stanislaw Lem

    In a dystopian future, the protagonist attends a scientific conference where he is exposed to a new hallucinogenic drug that transports him to a surreal and chaotic world. As he navigates through this bizarre reality, he becomes entangled in a conspiracy involving mind-altering technology, political manipulation, and the struggle for power. This satirical novel explores themes of reality, identity, and the dangers of unchecked technological advancements.

    The 2251st Greatest Book of All Time
  5. 5. Akira by Katsuhiro Otomo

    Set in a post-apocalyptic Neo-Tokyo, this graphic novel follows the lives of two teenage friends, Tetsuo and Kaneda, who are members of a biker gang. After a motorcycle accident, Tetsuo develops telekinetic abilities and is taken by the military, which fears his growing powers might unleash another cataclysmic event similar to the one that destroyed Tokyo years earlier. As Tetsuo's powers spiral out of control, Kaneda, along with a group of rebels and psychics, must try to stop him and uncover the secrets of a mysterious entity known as "Akira," which is at the heart of the government's experiments and the city's destruction. The narrative explores themes of power, corruption, and the quest for identity against a backdrop of cyberpunk visuals and intense action.

    The 2275th Greatest Book of All Time
  6. 6. The Aleph And Other Stories by Jorge Luis Borges

    This collection of short stories delves into a world of philosophical puzzles, literary references, and metaphysical intrigue. The narratives, often presented as intellectual exercises, explore themes of infinity, reality, and the nature of language and thought. The centerpiece story features a point in space that contains all other points, providing the protagonist with a vision of the entire universe. The other tales similarly challenge the reader's perception of time and identity, weaving together myth, religion, and history into a complex tapestry that defies conventional storytelling and blurs the line between the real and the imagined.

    The 3047th Greatest Book of All Time
  7. 7. Cat Country by Lao She

    This novel is a satirical science fiction tale that transports the reader to Mars, where the protagonist, a Chinese man, finds himself stranded in a society inhabited by cat-like humanoids. The narrative delves into the peculiarities and dysfunctions of this Martian civilization, known as Cat Country, highlighting its inhabitants' indolence, corruption, and societal decay. Through the lens of this alien society, the author critiques various aspects of early 20th-century Chinese society, politics, and culture, using the allegorical Cat Country to reflect on human follies, the dangers of political apathy, and the consequences of societal neglect. The story is both a unique exploration of extraterrestrial life and a poignant commentary on the human condition.

    The 3269th Greatest Book of All Time
  8. 8. The Invention Of Morel by Adolfo Bioy Casares

    This novel unfolds on a mysterious, deserted island where the protagonist, a fugitive, discovers a strange building and a group of tourists who appear and disappear inexplicably. As he observes them, he falls in love with a woman among the group, but soon realizes that these visitors are not what they seem. The narrative takes a turn into the surreal when he uncovers the workings of a machine invented by a man named Morel, which has the power to record and replay reality. The protagonist grapples with the implications of this invention on his perceptions of love, existence, and the desire for immortality, leading to a haunting exploration of the boundaries between reality and illusion.

    The 3274th Greatest Book of All Time
  9. 9. Sultana's Dream by Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain

    "Sultana's Dream" is a pioneering feminist utopian story that imagines a world where women, having mastered science and technology, have reversed traditional gender roles to create a peaceful society called Ladyland. In this visionary tale, men are secluded in domestic spaces, while women run the government, excel in scientific innovation, and use solar power and other advanced technologies to maintain an environmentally sustainable and conflict-free environment. The narrative unfolds through the eyes of the protagonist, Sultana, who finds herself transported to this alternate reality in a dream, where she engages in conversations with Ladyland's inhabitants, exploring the social structures and scientific advancements that have enabled women to thrive and lead.

    The 3469th Greatest Book of All Time
  10. 10. Who Fears Death by Nnedi Okorafor

    This novel is a coming-of-age narrative set in a post-apocalyptic Africa. It follows the journey of a young woman born from a violent act, who is prophesied to bring an end to a brutal regime. As she grows, she discovers her magical abilities and must learn to control them in order to fulfill her destiny. The narrative explores themes of race, gender, and power, while incorporating elements of African mythology and culture.

    The 4883rd Greatest Book of All Time
  11. 11. The Ice People by Unknown

    The book in question is a speculative fiction novel set in a dystopian future where a sudden and severe ice age has gripped the Earth, leading to the collapse of civilization and the emergence of a new society. The story follows the protagonist, a historian, who discovers the truth about the ice age's origins and the existence of an advanced prehistoric civilization. As the protagonist delves deeper into the past, he uncovers startling revelations about humanity's history and the cyclical nature of human progress and decline, all while navigating the challenges of life in a frozen world.

    The 5182nd Greatest Book of All Time
  12. 12. The Cyberiad by Stanislaw Lem

    "The Cyberiad" is a collection of science fiction short stories that take place in a futuristic universe where robots and artificial intelligence are prevalent. The book follows the adventures of two master inventors, Trurl and Klapaucius, as they encounter various challenges and engage in extraordinary feats of engineering and problem-solving. Through witty and imaginative storytelling, the book explores themes of technology, creativity, and the nature of humanity, offering a captivating and thought-provoking reading experience.

    The 6648th Greatest Book of All Time
  13. 13. Binti by Nnedi Okorafor

    "Binti" is a science fiction novella that follows the journey of a young Himba girl named Binti, who defies her family's wishes and leaves her home to attend the prestigious Oomza University. As the first of her people to be accepted, Binti faces various challenges and cultural clashes as she navigates the complexities of interstellar travel and encounters an alien race known as the Meduse. Through her unique abilities and determination, Binti becomes a bridge between two civilizations, ultimately transforming her own identity and challenging societal norms.

    The 6660th Greatest Book of All Time
  14. 14. Death's End by Cixin Liu

    In this science fiction epic, humanity confronts an uncertain future as the universe teeters on the brink of destruction. The narrative weaves through time and space, following a complex tapestry of characters and civilizations as they grapple with advanced alien technologies, cosmic dilemmas, and philosophical quandaries. The story explores the depths of human ingenuity and the vastness of the cosmos, culminating in a profound examination of survival, sacrifice, and the indomitable spirit of life in the face of an unfathomable cosmos. With a blend of hard science fiction and imaginative speculation, the novel pushes the boundaries of human understanding and presents a grand vision of the ultimate fate of the universe.

    The 7040th Greatest Book of All Time
  15. 15. The Dark Forest by Cixin Liu

    In the second installment of a renowned science fiction trilogy, humanity is faced with an impending alien invasion, set to occur in four centuries. The world turns to the Wallfacer Project, a strategic initiative that appoints four individuals with the power to execute plans to combat the extraterrestrial threat, their strategies hidden even from humanity to prevent the aliens from gaining foreknowledge. One of these Wallfacers, a disillusioned astronomer, devises a complex plan involving astrophysics, sociology, and game theory, all while grappling with the philosophical implications of a universe where survival is predicated on a dark forest theory, where civilizations are hunters lying in wait, ready to strike out of fear and self-preservation.

    The 7941st Greatest Book of All Time
  16. 16. This Is How You Lose The Time War by Amal El Mohtar, Max Gladstone

    In this epistolary science fiction novel, two rival agents, Red and Blue, find themselves on opposite sides of a sprawling temporal conflict known as the Time War. As they carry out missions to manipulate the strands of history for their respective factions, their paths cross in unexpected ways. Through a series of secret letters left across time and space, what begins as taunting correspondence evolves into a deep, forbidden connection. The narrative weaves a complex tapestry of time-travel and intrigue, exploring themes of love, identity, and the consequences of actions within the ever-shifting sands of time. As their bond deepens, Red and Blue must ultimately decide where their loyalties lie and what sacrifices they are willing to make for a chance at a future together.

    The 8967th Greatest Book of All Time
  17. 17. The Black Tides Of Heaven by Neon Yang

    In a fantastical Asian-inspired world where the forces of magic and technology intertwine, two twins are born to the Protector, a tyrannical ruler with a powerful grip over the realm. The twins, Mokoya and Akeha, are gifted with prophetic and magical abilities, respectively, and are sent to a monastery to hone their skills. As they grow older, they find themselves at the heart of a rebellion against their mother's oppressive regime. The story explores themes of destiny, freedom, and the complex bonds of family, all while the twins grapple with their identities and the paths they choose to take in a society where gender is fluid and self-determined.

    The 9037th Greatest Book of All Time
  18. 18. The Old Drift by Namwali Serpell

    "The Old Drift" by Namwali Serpell is a sweeping and ambitious novel that spans generations and continents, exploring the intertwined lives of three families in Zambia. Set against the backdrop of colonialism, technological advancements, and political upheaval, the story delves into themes of love, power, and identity. From the early days of the British settlers to the rise of an experimental town and the emergence of a new generation, Serpell weaves a rich tapestry of characters and narratives, offering a thought-provoking exploration of history, race, and the impact of human actions on the world.

    The 9278th Greatest Book of All Time
  19. 19. The Ghost In The Shell by Shirow Masamune

    This science fiction narrative delves into a future where cybernetic enhancements and artificial intelligence have blurred the lines between humanity and machines. Set against a backdrop of political intrigue and cyber warfare, the story follows Major Motoko Kusanagi, a cyborg operative of a government agency, as she hunts a mysterious hacker known as the Puppet Master. Through her pursuit, the narrative explores themes of identity, consciousness, and the nature of the soul, questioning what it truly means to be human in a world where the physical and digital realms are indistinguishably intertwined.

    The 9390th Greatest Book of All Time
  20. 20. The Girl From The Earth by Kirill Bulytsev

    This science fiction novel follows the story of a young girl from Earth who finds herself in a distant future where humanity has spread across the stars. Despite the advanced technology and new societies, she discovers that the core human struggles and desires remain unchanged. As she navigates this unfamiliar universe, she encounters various alien species and futuristic societies, each presenting their own challenges and lessons. Through her journey, the novel explores themes of identity, belonging, and the enduring nature of human spirit in the face of vast cosmic changes.

    The 9418th Greatest Book of All Time
  21. 21. Andromeda by Iwan A. Jefremow

    This science fiction novel unfolds in the distant future, where humanity has achieved a utopian society and explores the cosmos as part of a galactic federation. The story centers on the discovery of a mysterious spaceship from a long-extinct alien civilization in the Andromeda galaxy. A diverse team of scientists embarks on a journey aboard the starship Tantra to investigate the alien vessel, uncovering secrets that challenge their understanding of life, intelligence, and the very fabric of the universe. Through their expedition, the novel delves into themes of unity, the complexity of existence, and the boundless possibilities of scientific discovery, all while showcasing the potential for harmony within the cosmos.

    The 9418th Greatest Book of All Time
  22. 22. Zoo City by Lauren Beukes, Philibert-Caillat Laurent Beukes Lauren

    "Zoo City" by Lauren Beukes is a gripping urban fantasy novel set in a gritty Johannesburg where people who have committed a crime are magically bonded with an animal familiar. The story follows Zinzi December, a former journalist with a sloth on her back, as she becomes embroiled in a dangerous mystery involving a missing pop star and a dark conspiracy that threatens her newfound stability. With its unique blend of crime, magic, and social commentary, "Zoo City" explores themes of redemption, identity, and the consequences of our actions in a captivating and thought-provoking way.

    The 9821st Greatest Book of All Time
  23. 23. Only The Longest Threads by Tasneem Zehra Husain

    "Only The Longest Threads" is a novel that creatively explores the evolution of major scientific theories through the eyes of fictional characters who experience these paradigm shifts firsthand. Each narrative thread is woven around pivotal moments in the history of physics, such as the formulation of classical mechanics, electromagnetism, general relativity, quantum mechanics, and string theory. The characters, ranging from a scribe during Newton's era to a modern-day graduate student, provide personal and often poetic insights into the intellectual and emotional upheavals brought about by groundbreaking discoveries. Through their interconnected stories, the book illustrates the deeply human endeavor of scientific inquiry and the relentless pursuit of understanding the universe.

    The 9822nd Greatest Book of All Time
  24. 24. Бездна голодных глаз by H. L. Oldie

    This novel unfolds in a fantastical universe where the essence of every living being is determined by their eyes, the windows to the soul, which harbor unique powers and secrets. The narrative follows the journey of a young protagonist who, born with the rarest eyes, embarks on a perilous quest to uncover the truth behind his extraordinary vision. Along the way, he encounters a myriad of characters, each with their own unique eyes and abilities, who either aid or obstruct his quest. Set against a backdrop of intricate politics, ancient prophecies, and a society where the hierarchy is determined by one's gaze, the story delves into themes of power, identity, and the quest for understanding in a world where seeing truly is believing.

    The 10117th Greatest Book of All Time
  25. 25. Ninefox Gambit by Yoon Ha Lee

    In a futuristic world, the empire relies on a rigid calendar system known as "The Hexarchate" to maintain control and suppress any dissent. When a rogue general stages a rebellion, a talented captain named Kel Cheris is chosen to quell the uprising. To achieve this, she must form an uneasy alliance with an undead tactician, Jedao, whose brilliance in warfare is matched only by his notorious treachery. As they navigate a treacherous battlefield filled with deceit, Kel must learn to trust Jedao's cunning strategies, even as she questions his true motives. With the fate of the empire hanging in the balance, Kel and Jedao embark on a high-stakes mission that will test their loyalties and reshape the very fabric of their world.

    The 10134th Greatest Book of All Time

Reading Statistics

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If you're interested in downloading this list as a CSV file for use in a spreadsheet application, you can easily do so by clicking the button below. Please note that to ensure a manageable file size and faster download, the CSV will include details for only the first 500 books.

Download