"Either Or" is a philosophical work that explores the concept of existentialism through the lens of two contrasting life views: the aesthetic and the ethical. The aesthetic life is characterized by immediate pleasure and enjoyment, while the ethical life is defined by moral duty and responsibility. The book presents these two perspectives through the fictional letters of two characters, ultimately arguing for the superiority of the ethical life. However, it also suggests that a truly fulfilled life must find a balance between the two.

The novel explores the life of an eternal dictator who has ruled over a Caribbean nation for several decades. The patriarch's oppressive regime is marked by corruption, violence, and absurdity, while his personal life is characterized by loneliness and paranoia. The narrative is a complex, non-linear exploration of power, time, and the dehumanizing effects of political tyranny. The patriarch's death prompts a reflection on his life and reign, revealing a mythical, magical, and horrifying reality.

The novel is a coming-of-age story that follows the intellectual and emotional development of its eponymous protagonist, a young Danish poet who struggles with the existential dilemmas of his time. Throughout his life, he grapples with the loss of religious faith, the search for meaning in a secular world, and the pursuit of artistic truth, all while experiencing the pangs of unrequited love and personal tragedy. The protagonist's journey is one of self-discovery and disillusionment, as he seeks to reconcile his idealistic visions with the harsh realities of life, ultimately embodying the spirit of a modern, introspective individual facing the existential uncertainties of the 19th century.

"El Buscón" is a picaresque novel that tells the story of Pablos, the son of a thief and a witch, who aspires to be a gentleman despite his low birth. The narrative follows Pablos's adventures as he navigates through various social classes in 17th-century Spain, from his impoverished childhood to his failed attempts to gain wealth and status through deception and trickery. The novel is a satirical critique of Spanish society, highlighting the corruption and hypocrisy of the nobility and the church.

"Seven Gothic Tales" is a collection of short stories set in the 19th century, each with a unique blend of humor, horror, and romanticism. The tales, steeped in supernatural elements and psychological depth, explore themes of love, betrayal, and identity. The stories are populated by a variety of characters from different social classes and backgrounds, each facing their own moral dilemmas and existential crises. The author's vivid descriptions and atmospheric settings contribute to the gothic tone of the book.

The book is a profound exploration of envy and its corrosive effects on the human soul, told through the lifelong rivalry between two friends. The protagonist, whose artistic ambitions and personal happiness are overshadowed by his obsessive jealousy of his friend's success and innate talent, descends into a destructive spiral of resentment. This dark passion not only poisons his own life but also impacts those around him, leading to tragic consequences. The narrative delves deep into the psychological complexities of its characters, offering a timeless meditation on the nature of envy and the human condition.

This novel centers around an impoverished, retired colonel who has been waiting for many years for the pension he was promised. Despite his increasing desperation and the urging of his wife, the colonel remains hopeful and proud, refusing to sell his only valuable possession, a rooster that he plans to enter in a cockfight. The story explores themes of poverty, pride, and the struggle for dignity amid difficult circumstances.

"The Vortex" is a gripping narrative set in the early 20th century that plunges readers into the harrowing depths of the Amazon rainforest. The story follows the journey of Arturo Cova, a man fleeing from his troubled past and societal constraints, who becomes ensnared in the brutal world of rubber tapping. As he ventures deeper into the jungle, Cova encounters the relentless exploitation of both the land and its people, driven by the insatiable greed of the rubber barons. The novel exposes the darkness of human nature and the savage conditions of life in the rainforest, painting a vivid picture of the environmental and social devastation wrought by colonialism and the rubber trade.

The novel follows the life of Per Sidenius, a young man from a devoutly religious family, who rebels against his provincial upbringing to seek fortune and success as an engineer in the bustling world of Copenhagen. Ambitious and driven, Per dreams of freeing Denmark from its reliance on foreign energy through his innovative engineering projects. Throughout his journey, he confronts the rigid class structures of Danish society, engages in tumultuous relationships, and struggles with his own internal conflicts and existential doubts. Despite his initial rapid ascent, Per ultimately faces the consequences of his relentless pursuit of material success, leading him to reevaluate the true meaning of fulfillment and happiness in life.

"The Solitudes" is a complex, highly allegorical poem that follows the journey of a young nobleman who, after being shipwrecked, traverses various mystical and pastoral landscapes. Throughout his travels, he encounters a range of characters, including shepherds, nymphs, and gods, who guide him through a series of allegorical and philosophical reflections. The poem is renowned for its intricate style and dense metaphorical structure, which exemplify the culteranismo movement in Spanish literature, making it both a challenging and enriching read that delves into themes of love, nature, and existential inquiry.

"Coplas por la muerte de su padre" is a collection of elegiac verses written in memory of the author's father. The poems explore themes of mortality, the fleeting nature of life, and the inevitability of death. The author uses his personal grief as a platform to delve into philosophical reflections, ultimately presenting a stoic acceptance of death as a natural part of life. The work is widely regarded as one of the greatest achievements in Spanish poetry.

"Exemplary Stories" is a collection of novellas that explore various themes such as deception, love, jealousy, and the unpredictability of fortune, through a tapestry of engaging narratives. Written by the same author who penned the famous tale of a delusional knight, this anthology showcases his versatility and wit. The stories often feature a moral lesson, and the characters range from the noble to the common, each providing a unique glimpse into the complexities of human nature and the social issues of the time. The author's masterful storytelling and rich language make this collection a significant contribution to the canon of Western literature, reflecting the author's keen observation of the human condition and his satirical edge.

The book is a detailed examination of the living conditions of the poor in New York City in the late 19th century. It provides a vivid and often shocking account of life in the slums, tenements and sweatshops of the city, based on the author's own investigative journalism. The book had a significant impact on public opinion and led to changes in housing laws and social policy.

This philosophical work explores the concept of despair, which the author sees as a spiritual condition linked to the Christian concept of sin. The author delves into the human struggle to reconcile the self with the ideal self, a process he argues is only possible through a relationship with God. The book also discusses existential dread, self-awareness, and the nature of the human soul, offering a complex and thought-provoking examination of the human condition.

"Anecdotes of Destiny" is a collection of five short stories, each with a unique exploration of human nature, destiny, and the complexities of life. The tales range from a woman who must choose between three suitors, to a young man who gambles his fortune on a single pearl, to a couple who make a pact with the devil. The stories are rich in symbolism and metaphoric language, offering profound insights into the human condition and the mysterious workings of fate.

The book follows Lucas Corso, a book detective who is hired to authenticate a rare manuscript by Alexandre Dumas. As he delves into the investigation, he finds himself entangled in a mystery involving two other books: a rare edition of "The Three Musketeers" and a satanic text, "The Book of Nine Doors of the Kingdom of Shadows". The narrative becomes a complex puzzle as Corso uncovers connections between the books, while also dealing with a seductive woman who seems to have stepped out of a Dumas novel, a mysterious killer, and a group of bibliophiles obsessed with Dumas. The lines between fiction and reality blur as he gets closer to the truth.

"Bartleby & Co" is a metafictional work that explores the theme of "writers of the No," authors who cease to write or never start at all. The narrator, an office worker on sick leave, uses footnotes to a nonexistent text to delve into the stories of these authors, including famous real-life figures. The book serves as a meditation on silence, refusal, and the nature of literature itself.

"The Revolt of the Masses" is a philosophical work that discusses the rise of the "mass man" and the potential danger this presents to society. The author argues that the mass man, characterized by his lack of individuality and rejection of higher values, is a product of modern society and its emphasis on equality. He believes that this mass man, who is more concerned with his rights than his responsibilities, threatens to undermine the very foundations of society, leading to potential chaos and instability. The book serves as a warning and a call for a return to individual responsibility and respect for higher values.

"Compassion" is a compelling narrative that explores the themes of poverty, compassion, and human morality. Set in 19th-century Spain, it follows the story of a wealthy woman who, after an encounter with a poor, blind beggar, is moved to reassess her life and the societal norms of the time. This chance meeting prompts her to question the established social order and her privileged position within it, leading to a profound personal transformation. This novel is a poignant exploration of human empathy and the societal structures that often hinder its expression.

"Pepita Jimenez" is a romantic Spanish novel that tells the story of a young widow named Pepita and her love affair with Luis, a seminary student destined for priesthood. The story unfolds in a small Spanish town and explores the themes of love, religion, and societal expectations. Despite the societal norms and his religious obligations, Luis finds himself irresistibly drawn to Pepita. The narrative delves into their inner struggles, the complexities of their relationship, and ultimately, their decision to choose love over duty.

"Memoirs of a Peasant Boy" is a poignant narrative about the harsh realities of rural life in Galicia, Spain during the early 20th century, as seen through the eyes of a young boy. The protagonist, who is also the narrator, offers a vivid depiction of his experiences growing up in poverty, dealing with oppressive landlords, and struggling for survival and education. This autobiographical novel is a powerful commentary on social injustice and the enduring spirit of the human will.

This book provides a first-hand account of the conquest of Mexico by the Spanish during the 16th century. It offers a detailed narrative of the events, battles, and interactions with native tribes, including the Aztecs. The author, a soldier in the Spanish army, provides a unique perspective on Hernán Cortés and his tactics, the politics of the time, and the cultural and religious practices of the indigenous people. The book also highlights the hardships, challenges, and ethical dilemmas faced by the conquistadors.

"The Travels of Persiles and Sigismunda" is a complex, multi-layered narrative that follows the journey of two noble lovers, Persiles and Sigismunda, who disguise themselves as brother and sister to escape from their homeland and travel through numerous countries. Throughout their journey, they encounter a wide array of characters and experience numerous adventures, all while maintaining their secret identities. The book is known for its exploration of love, virtue, and the human condition, with a blend of realism and fantasy.

This novel follows the life of Alvaro Mendiola, a Spanish man returning to his homeland after a long period of self-imposed exile in France. Through his experiences and memories, the narrative paints a vivid picture of the socio-political climate in Spain under Franco's dictatorship. As Alvaro grapples with his identity, the book explores themes of personal and national identity, exile, and the struggle for freedom.

"Amadis of Gaul" is a medieval romance that tells the story of the titular character, a knight-errant, who embarks on a series of adventures throughout the mythical kingdoms of Western Europe. Throughout his journey, Amadis encounters a variety of challenges, including enchantments, monsters, and rival knights, all while remaining steadfast in his love for Princess Oriana. The tale is known for its elaborate descriptions of chivalry, courtly love, and honor, and is considered a classic example of the chivalric romance genre.