The Greatest "Psychological, Modernist, Fiction" Books Since 1900

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This list represents a comprehensive and trusted collection of the greatest books. Developed through a specialized algorithm, it brings together 305 'best of' book lists to form a definitive guide to the world's most acclaimed books. For those interested in how these books are chosen, additional details can be found on the rankings page.

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Psychological

The Psychological genre of books typically explores the inner workings of the human mind and emotions, often delving into complex and sometimes disturbing psychological states. These books may focus on mental illness, trauma, relationships, or personal growth, and often challenge readers to confront their own beliefs and perceptions. Psychological books may be suspenseful, thought-provoking, and emotionally intense, offering readers a deep and often unsettling glimpse into the human psyche.

Modernist

Modernist literature is a category of books that emerged in the early 20th century, characterized by a break from traditional literary forms and a focus on individual experience and perception. Modernist writers experimented with language, form, and structure, often using stream-of-consciousness narration and fragmented storytelling to convey the complexity and ambiguity of modern life. Themes of alienation, disillusionment, and the search for meaning are common in modernist literature, which reflects the cultural and social upheavals of the time. Overall, modernist literature is a challenging and thought-provoking genre that continues to influence contemporary literature and culture.

Fiction

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  1. 26. The Hour of the Star by Clarice Lispector

    "The Hour of the Star" is a poignant narrative that explores the life of Macabéa, a poor, unattractive, and naive typist living in the slums of Rio de Janeiro. The story is narrated by Rodrigo S.M., a sophisticated writer who struggles with how to accurately portray Macabéa's simple existence and her tragic fate. The novel delves into themes of identity, poverty, and the human condition, presenting a stark contrast between the lives of the rich and the poor, the educated and the ignorant, and the beautiful and the plain.

    The 502nd Greatest Book of All Time
  2. 27. The Confusions of Young Törless by Robert Musil

    This novel explores the moral and psychological development of a young student sent to a military boarding school in Austro-Hungarian Empire. The protagonist witnesses and participates in the bullying and humiliation of a fellow student, leading him to question the nature of power, morality, and the thin line between civilization and barbarity. The book is a profound exploration of adolescence, authority, and the loss of innocence.

    The 550th Greatest Book of All Time
  3. 28. Miss Lonelyhearts by Nathanael West

    This novel revolves around an advice columnist, who writes under the pseudonym "Miss Lonelyhearts", for a New York newspaper during the Great Depression. As he reads and responds to the desperate letters from the city's distressed and downtrodden, he becomes increasingly disillusioned and depressed, struggling with his own faith, identity, and the bleakness of the human condition. The protagonist's personal life also spirals out of control, entangling him in a series of complicated romantic relationships and leading to a tragic conclusion.

    The 658th Greatest Book of All Time
  4. 29. The Fall by Albert Camus

    The novel is narrated by a successful Parisian lawyer who has moved to Amsterdam after a crisis of conscience. He confesses his past misdeeds and moral failings to a stranger in a bar, revealing his growing self-loathing and disillusionment with the hypocrisy and shallowness of his former life. His confessions are a reflection on guilt, innocence, and the nature of human existence. The protagonist's fall from grace serves as a critique of modern society's moral failings and the individual's struggle with guilt and redemption.

    The 667th Greatest Book of All Time
  5. 30. I'm Not Stiller by Max Frisch

    The book is a profound exploration of identity and the human condition, revolving around a man who is arrested upon his return to his home country, Switzerland, after spending time in America. Although he insists he is not the man, Stiller, that everyone believes him to be, his protests are ignored. The story unfolds as he writes in his prison cell, reflecting on his past life and relationships, and grappling with the question of who he truly is. It's a thought-provoking narrative that challenges conventional notions of selfhood and personal identity.

    The 684th Greatest Book of All Time
  6. 31. Jakob Von Gunten by Robert Walser

    This novel is a first-person account of a young man who leaves his privileged life to enroll at a school for servants in Berlin. The protagonist's observations and experiences in the school, his interactions with the headmaster and other students, and his internal struggles and reflections form the crux of the story. The narrative, imbued with irony and dark humor, explores themes of power, submission, individuality, and the absurdity of societal norms and expectations.

    The 763rd Greatest Book of All Time
  7. 32. Three Lives by Gertrude Stein

    "Three Lives" is a series of novellas that explore the lives of three working-class women living in the United States at the turn of the 20th century. Each story provides a detailed psychological portrait of a different woman: a black housekeeper, a worldly-wise servant, and a lower-middle-class German woman. The narrative delves into their personal struggles, their relationships, and their attempts to navigate the societal constraints of their time.

    The 851st Greatest Book of All Time
  8. 33. Story of the Eye by Georges Bataille

    This novel is a provocative exploration of the dark side of human nature, featuring two teenage characters who engage in increasingly bizarre and violent sexual games. Their actions, driven by their obsession with eroticism and death, lead them into a world of perversion and madness. The narrative is filled with explicit sexual content and shocking imagery, reflecting the author's fascination with the transgressive and the taboo.

    The 999th Greatest Book of All Time
  9. 34. Petersburg by Andrei Bely

    "Petersburg" is a symbolist novel set in the heart of Russia during the 1905 Revolution. It follows the story of a young man who is given the task of assassinating his own father, a high-ranking government official, by a radical political group. The narrative is a complex mix of politics, family drama, and philosophical introspection, all set against the backdrop of a city in turmoil. The novel is renowned for its vivid and poetic descriptions of the city itself, making Petersburg as much a character in the story as the people who inhabit it.

    The 1048th Greatest Book of All Time
  10. 35. The Passion According to G.H. by Clarice Lispector

    "The Passion According to G.H." is a philosophical novel that delves into the existential crisis of a wealthy Brazilian woman who, after killing a cockroach in her maid's room, experiences a profound metaphysical crisis. The narrative unfolds as a stream of consciousness that explores themes of identity, existence, and the nature of reality. The protagonist's journey forces her to confront her own humanity, the concept of nothingness, and the chaotic, interconnected nature of life. It's a profound and introspective exploration of the human condition and the meaning of existence.

    The 1061st Greatest Book of All Time
  11. 36. The Professor's House by Willa Cather

    "The Professor's House" is a narrative revolving around a middle-aged professor who is struggling with a mid-life crisis. As he moves into a new home, he can't help but feel disconnected from his family and former life. His only solace is his unfinished study in his old house, where he spends most of his time. The book also explores his relationship with his former student, Tom Outland, whose story of discovering an ancient Native American settlement in the Southwest impacts the professor deeply. The novel explores themes of change, nostalgia, and the search for meaning in life.

    The 1209th Greatest Book of All Time
  12. 37. Los Siete Locos by Roberto Arlt

    "Los Siete Locos" is a complex and dark novel set in the 1920s in Buenos Aires. The story revolves around a man who, disillusioned with his mundane life and the corruption he sees around him, becomes involved with a group of anarchists who plan to overthrow the government. The protagonist is drawn into a world of madness, conspiracy, and philosophical debate, as he grapples with his own sanity and the morality of his actions. The book explores themes of existentialism, societal decay, and the blurred line between sanity and insanity.

    The 1283rd Greatest Book of All Time
  13. 38. The Shipyard by Juan Carlos Onetti

    "The Shipyard" is a novel set in a decaying Uruguayan port town, where the protagonist, a middle-aged man recently released from jail and suffering from tuberculosis, decides to take on the impossible task of reviving a defunct shipyard. The book explores themes of existentialism, disillusionment, and the struggle for meaning in a seemingly absurd world. Despite the bleak surroundings and circumstances, the protagonist remains hopeful and committed to his ambitions, providing a poignant commentary on the human spirit's resilience.

    The 1317th Greatest Book of All Time
  14. 39. Justine by Lawrence Durrell

    "Justine" is a novel set in pre-World War II Alexandria, Egypt, and is the first in a quartet of books. The story is told from the perspective of an Irish teacher living in Alexandria, who becomes entangled in a complex love triangle with a beautiful Jewish woman named Justine and her husband, a wealthy Coptic Christian. The narrative explores themes of love, betrayal, and cultural tension against the backdrop of a city teeming with political intrigue and social unrest.

    The 1562nd Greatest Book of All Time
  15. 40. One, No One and One Hundred Thousand by Luigi Pirandello

    The book tells the story of a man who has his identity shattered when his wife casually notes that his nose tilts to the right, something he had never noticed before. This seemingly insignificant comment leads him into an obsessive quest to understand how he is perceived by others, and he gradually loses his sense of self as he fragments into a multitude of characters. The protagonist's existential crisis intensifies as he realizes that everyone he meets perceives him differently, leading him to question his own existence and ultimately, his sanity.

    The 1614th Greatest Book of All Time
  16. 41. Demian by Hermann Hesse

    The novel follows the life of a young man, Emil Sinclair, from childhood to adulthood, as he navigates the duality of his nature and the societal expectations of his time. He is influenced by a charismatic and intellectual peer, Max Demian, who introduces him to the concept of the world not as a dichotomy of good and evil, but as a unified whole. This leads Sinclair on a journey of self-discovery and spiritual enlightenment, exploring themes of identity, morality, and the subconscious. The narrative is heavily influenced by the philosophies of Carl Jung and the Gnostic tradition.

    The 1635th Greatest Book of All Time
  17. 42. Concrete by Thomas Bernhard

    The book is a darkly introspective narrative that delves into the mind of a reclusive, obsessive intellectual who is struggling to complete his scholarly work on the composer Mendelssohn. As he grapples with his own ailments and the perceived mediocrity of his surroundings, the protagonist's stream-of-consciousness monologue reveals his deep-seated anxieties, self-loathing, and profound isolation. The narrative is a relentless examination of the protagonist's psyche, showcasing his critical view of society and his own personal relationships, which are fraught with tension and dysfunction. Through this, the novel explores themes of artistic creation, intellectual elitism, and the suffocating nature of expectations and familial obligations.

    The 1733rd Greatest Book of All Time
  18. 43. Woodcutters by Thomas Bernhard

    Woodcutters is a darkly humorous critique of Vienna's artistic elite. The story takes place over the course of a single evening, as the narrator attends a dinner party in honor of a recently successful actor. As the evening progresses, he reflects on the pretentiousness and hypocrisy of the guests, the mediocrity of their artistic achievements, and the tragic suicide of his former lover. The novel is a scathing indictment of the vanity and self-delusion of the artistic community.

    The 1741st Greatest Book of All Time
  19. 44. Fifth Business by Robertson Davies

    The novel follows the life of Dunstan Ramsay, a man haunted by a childhood accident that he believes he caused. The book explores his guilt and its impact on his life, as well as his relationships with others, including a woman he loves but cannot have, a brilliant but troubled friend, and a saintly fool. Throughout his life, Ramsay seeks redemption and understanding in the realms of history, mythology, and religion.

    The 1814th Greatest Book of All Time
  20. 45. Eva Trout by Elizabeth Bowen

    "Eva Trout" is a novel about a young, wealthy woman who struggles to find her place in society and understand her own identity. She leaves England to live in France, where she adopts a deaf-mute child in an attempt to avoid loneliness. The book explores themes of isolation, communication, and the effects of wealth on personal relationships. The protagonist's eccentric and often impulsive behavior leads to a tragic climax, shedding light on the consequences of her actions and decisions.

    The 2018th Greatest Book of All Time
  21. 46. Moravagine by Blaise Cendrars

    The novel follows the adventures of an eccentric, violent, and mentally unstable protagonist who is released from an asylum by his psychiatrist. The pair embark on a chaotic journey across Europe and America, encountering a variety of strange and often dangerous situations. The narrative explores themes of insanity, violence, and the human condition, offering a dark and surreal critique of modern society.

    The 2117th Greatest Book of All Time
  22. 47. The Beautiful and Damned by F. Scott Fitzgerald

    This novel tells the story of Anthony Patch, a 1920s socialite and presumptive heir to a tycoon's fortune, and his wife Gloria. As they await the inheritance of his grandfather's estate, their reckless marriage deteriorates into a cycle of alcohol, parties, and squabbles, leading to their downfall. The narrative provides an exploration of the themes of greed, status, and the fleeting nature of youth and beauty.

    The 2398th Greatest Book of All Time
  23. 48. To the North by Elizabeth Bowen

    The novel follows the life of a young woman who, after the death of her husband, moves to London and falls in love with her sister-in-law's lover. The narrative dives deep into the complexities of human relationships and emotions, exploring themes of love, betrayal, and loss. As the protagonist navigates her way through grief and fresh love, the readers are offered a profound exploration of her internal struggles, painting a vivid picture of her emotional journey.

    The 2443rd Greatest Book of All Time
  24. 49. Life and Death of Harriett Frean by May Sinclair

    The book chronicles the life of Harriett Frean, a woman who lives a sheltered and suppressed life due to Victorian societal norms. It explores her journey from a privileged childhood to a lonely adulthood, her unrequited love for a married man, and her struggle with her parents' expectations. The narrative delves into the themes of female oppression, the consequences of societal expectations, and the tragedy of an unfulfilled life.

    The 2443rd Greatest Book of All Time
  25. 50. The Return of Philip Latinowicz by Miroslav Krleža

    "The Return of Philip Latinowicz" is a novel about a successful artist who, after living in the city for three decades, decides to return to his rural hometown in order to find inspiration for his next piece of work. As he reconnects with his past and the people from his childhood, he begins to question the meaning of his art and his own identity. The book explores themes of existentialism, the nature of art, and the struggle between modernity and tradition.

    The 2443rd Greatest Book of All Time

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